127 points•burntcaramel•6 days ago•144 comments•

144 comments

tptacek6 days ago
This is a huge problem in US health care financing: we have a fee-for-service model, no price transparency, and a consumer base (insulated from a lot of the costs of procedures by indirect payment through employer-provided insurance) conditioned to think procedures are inherently good. We waste billions annually on procedures that shouldn't be delivered at all.

I'm fond of pointing out the stat (true as of a year ago) that Massachusetts (I think it's MA?) has more MRI machines than the entire country of Canada.

FlyingAvatar6 days ago
I would posit this is more of a function of Canada having too few machines, with a median wait of 10 weeks for an MRI. [1]

To me it's crazy that people are waiting an average of nearly 3 months to get imaging. This is probably after waiting a couple months for their doctor's appointment to get the MRI scheduled in the first place.

[1] [https://getmrifast.ca/mri-wait-times]

OsrsNeedsf2P6 days ago
One of the reasons I left Canada was it took me 6 months to get an MRI after a severe head injury in 2017. I have since gladly paid nearly 500k in taxes to other countries. Fuck Canada.
pinkmuffinere6 days ago
That is kindof crazy! Imagine you are suspicious that something is awry in your soft tissue, in which case I think MRI is the main diagnostic (?). Then you don’t find out for ten weeks, plus some for analysis!
analog316 days ago
Waiting 10 weeks for an MRI is consistent with my experience in the US. This could be a regional thing. When my mom lived in her home state, she had nearly same-month or even same-week access to specialists. Now, living in my state, most appointments are booked more than a year out. She has talked about flying back to her home state every year to have her annual appointments. This is medical tourism within the country.

Not only did I have to wait for my MRI, but as the date approached, I got a call saying that they had canceled it because the insurance refused to cover it. I offered to pay out of pocket. Nope, they simply canceled it.

Of course if you can pay for quicker care in another country, it will seem like care in that country is quicker, but the people living in that country might not have the same privilege. Most of the people I know who move here from outside the US think our system is insane.

There's a billboard on my way to work for a private medical imaging service that offers shorter wait times.

gruez6 days ago
>https://getmrifast.ca/mri-wait-times

It's sad that seemingly the top result for this search term is an AI slop lead-gen site, rather than the actual source:

>Disclaimer: Wait times shown are estimates based on publicly reported data from the Fraser Institute, CIHI, and provincial health authority reports.

doubled1126 days ago
> I'm fond of pointing out the stat (true as of a year ago) that Massachusetts (I think it's MA?) has more MRI machines than the entire country of Canada.

I'm also quite fond of pointing out that Canada and the state of California have roughly the same populations.

Canada's population is incredibly spread out, but also concentrated in about 5 major cities.

When I needed an MRI on my brain is was roughly a week, and that was in a smaller (under 100K people) city.

It's a triage system, although I wouldn't want to suffer through a "less important" issue.

nickff6 days ago
>"I'm fond of pointing out the stat (true as of a year ago) that Massachusetts (I think it's MA?) has more MRI machines than the entire country of Canada."

Long wait times (6-12 months+) for MRIs (due to a lack of both machines and technicians) are a frequent complaint by Canadians.

nradov6 days ago
Yep. Wealthy Canadians often come to the USA as medical tourists and pay cash to skip the queue at home for elective procedures like MRIs or joint replacements.
kibwen6 days ago
To be fair to your latter point, Massachusetts is arguably the biomedical research capital of the world, those MRI machines are being put to research purposes.
stego-tech6 days ago
I’m reminded of a quote from my biomed days: “If there’s ever a zombie apocalypse, you can bet it started in Cambridge.”

I just thought it an amusing anecdote until COVID, and then realized it’s less that said virus would be developed here and more that we have the business idiots to let it loose.

readthenotes16 days ago
An elderly relative of mine went to get an MRI to prove the occult fracture of the sacrum that was hobbling him.

It took about 12 hours, much of it waiting for his blood pressure to subside low enough to get admitted (a pre-requisite for the MRI).

This is in a city with of about 750k people and nowhere near Massachusetts.

rran6 days ago
Patients globally think that procedures are inherently good, it's not inherent to the US system.

I'm a doctor working in a government funded public healthcare system, where there is every incentive for the system to NOT do investigations and procedures where there is a poor evidence base. Yet we still waste $BILLIONs every year on them and the majority of this is driven by patient demand.

I frequently get patients where the evidence is for intervention A - that requires the patient to do N amount of work (for example physiotherapy, strengthening exercises) with slow, but real, results. After 15 years of medical practice I can honestly count on one hand how often a patient has genuinely taken an interest in this approach and committed to it. This sentiment is shared across colleagues. The vast majority of patients want a 'quick fix', even when there is no evidence that a quick fix exists.

So they push for intervention B, creating long waits for patients who would genuinely benefit from seeing the interventionist who offers B, resulting in worse outcomes for that cohort.

As the system is free at the point of access patients can simply 'doctor shop' and see as many doctors that are needed until they get one who agrees that intervention B is what is required.

I think it comes from an assumption that lay people have that the body is a machine and if a part of it is broken it can simply be 'fixed'. The truth is, is that the human body and biology are messy. We can't even define broken in a lot of cases, you can have two people with the same finding on a scan and one is in pain and the other is completely symptom free. People find this concept really hard to understand, but most of biology is happening on a microscopic level for which we don't have tests and scans, which again people find hard to accept, that we do not always have an answer. Human biology is not a solved science, not even close. There is also the whole complicated factor of human perception.

Two people can have the exact same experience but have completely different feelings and ideas about it. For one person, post-nasal drip maybe completely distressing and make their life miserable. Another person may have the exact same level of post-nasal drip but it does not bother them at all and they live their entire life with it without ever consulting a doctor. So what partly drives health demand is a patients tolerance and perception of their symptoms, which can change over time.

nradov6 days ago
There's a huge amount of confirmation bias in the process of diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions based on imaging studies. When a patient presents with a complaint about pain or lack of mobility then the care team will order imaging, and when they see some anatomic abnormality they'll assume it's causing the symptoms and needs to be surgically repaired. But studies have shown that if we perform the same imaging studies on a random population of subjects we'll find a lot of abnormalities and yet most of those subjects are asymptomatic.
havaloc6 days ago
https://www.howardluksmd.com/sometimes-our-joints-just-hurt-...

Many MRI “abnormalities” are, well… normal. “Age-appropriate” findings on MRI readings are vastly under-appreciated. If you are over 50, have no pain, and place you into an MRI, you have at least a …

A 20% chance of having a meniscus abnormality. An 80% chance of something being listed as an abnormality in your knee. A 10-15% or higher chance of having a rotator cuff tear. An 80% chance of having a disc bulge in your back or neck.

jader2016 days ago
As someone who's going to the doctor next week to discuss potential shoulder surgery, this is timely.

I really need to figure out whether it's going to make things better or worse, but unfortunately, that feels like something a doctor can't guarantee one way or the other.

Any anecdotes or other experiences/thoughts are appreciated.

cj6 days ago
One thing that bodybuilding taught me is to never underestimate how significantly you can change how your body works through weight training, mobility work and physical therapy.

I used to suffer from chronic low back pain. It hurt to get out of bed every day for years. 1-2 years after getting into bodybuilding the pain disappeared and didn’t come back. Not only that, but I’m not physically limited by my back whatsoever.

I’m not suggesting you start bodybuilding. But the things I think that helped was 1) weight training, 2) mobility work / stretching, 3) physical therapy. That combo can be really powerful.

canpan6 days ago
Double down on this. I had a way worse back and bad pain in my early 20s than now later in life. I started with just walking an hour a day, later added gym. You don't need to become the next Arnold, just show up consistently.

One side note: There are core strength/posture issues but also issues that need medical attention. The tricky part is figuring out which.

tfandango6 days ago
Yes me too! I used to have back problems all the time, sometimes it would give out for no reason and I'm stuck in bed for a week. I started lifting from nothing, just the 45lb barbell, using a simple program called Stronglifts. That was probably 10 years ago, I have had some ups and downs of course, but overall my back has been solid since.
duncangh4 days ago
this is well intentioned but bad advice for people with shoulder issues. The shoulder should not be put under load such as weight lifting.

I would recommend doing band work and calisthenics and also highly recommend analyzing your kinetic chain and form in any activity you do and figure out how to reduce shoulder arm and wrist for any force generation in sports such as tennis, golf, throwing etc.

After playing college tennis and developing bad shoulder issues with MRI indicating that surgery would be recommended. Two years prior my high school friend had had the same surgery and ultimately developed a opioid dependence during the crises and subsequently died of an overdose after 18 months of spiraling.

I ultimately was able to attribute the onset of flare ups to weeks where I was hitting a lot of serves and at first simply instituted a “pitch count” and later studied my form and discovered that I was not loading as much as I should have been from the base of my kinetic chain and a lot of that load was being put on my shoulder.

About 12 years later and I’ve recently switched to pickleball (no over head serve) and jokingly refer to myself as a tennis refugee.

LakesAndTrees6 days ago
Unfortunately, it goes both ways. I started training 6-7 years ago and today have constant lower back pain (non-existent prior) and chronic shoulder pain (again, non-existent prior). When you lift, even with reasonable weight in a conservative progressive overload program, injuries can and will occur. In my case, there was no singular “injury”; the pain just gradually crept in and has not gone away.

I still wouldn’t stop weight training, as it’s a part of my life that I love. However, despite never going for ambitious PRs, I have chronic pain that I never had prior to starting - and no amount of physical therapy has resolved it.

As always, YMMV.

RationPhantoms6 days ago
Single anecdata here.

My mother-in-law has spinal surgery last christmas, the pain for her, prior to the surgery, was unbearable so it's hard to justify not running from that into the arms of a surgeon. The surgeon showed exactly what was to repair though so it was simple enough to understand and clear in the way it was going to help her.

About 9 months out from that surgery and she doesn't have anymore pain.

lelanthran6 days ago
> My mother-in-law has spinal surgery last christmas

I dunno if spinal surgery is comparable to shoulder surgery.

I had spinal surgery; the scans were conclusive (specific disks had ruptured), the surgery to put in prosthetic disks (2x in total) is apparently quite routine, and the procedure itself is simpler (limited 3D motion in each vertebra - if you lose motion between any two vertebra after surgery, you might not even notice).

Compare to shoulder surgery where the scans are frequently inconclusive ("we think this surgery might fix the pain, but we are not sure"), and the surgery is uncommon, and the procedure itself is complex (large range of large movements across a large number of axes).

I know about a dozen people in real life who have had spinal fusions, but not one who has had shoulder surgery.

oarfish6 days ago
Of course there are reasons to do surgery, it's not all make believe. The point is more that it is overprescribed and that most nonspecific back pain does not correlate well with imaging "abnormalities" and surgery may be the wrong treatment.
zhivota6 days ago
Read the Substack of Howard Luks, he's an orthopedic surgeon who has a lot of experience.

At the least I would heavily consider exhausting conservative treatment first. All but the worst tears can heal on their own, it just takes time and steady effort.

No matter what you choose to do, the adherence to rehab will determine your ultimate outcome.

hash8726 days ago
What? No, tears do not 'heal on their own', that's completely wrong. Famously, labral tears of the shoulder and hip do not heal in the slightest without external surgery- even tiny ones.

That doesn't mean that surgery is always the appropriate treatment (I'm living with a shoulder labral tear that's untreated). But it is not even remotely true that tears heal on their own. Example, I just had an MRI on my tear, and the ortho said it looked exactly the same as the last MRI I had 8 years ago- no better, no worse

dwd6 days ago
The question you want to ask is what is the long-term outcome. In 10-20 years time will you have better usage of the shoulder with or without the surgery?

As an anecdote: Family member has a partial lateral meniscus tear in the knee. Surgery was considered as if successful then returning to running might have been possible. Specialist opinions varied as did their reading of the MRI scans.

After a lot of research there was emerging evidence that long-term, surgery was more likely to result in osteoarthritis. So had to weight up long-term mobility over short-term pain relief and not having a major lifestyle change.

You see professional athlete undergoing surgery the next day, but their income relies on regaining usage as quickly as possible. The alternative is physio exercises to strengthen the supporting muscles and avoiding anything that might cause a re-injury.

jamiek886 days ago
Yes and a lot of these old pro athletes are in agony when older as a result. Hip and knee replacements in their 40’s for example.
philajan6 days ago
Anecdote: My dad has had two shoulder surgeries, one to repair his rotator cuff +15 years ago on his right arm, one back in March of this year on his other shoulder. I couldn’t tell you what specifically was wrong with it this time.

He was a regular golfer until last year when the pain got too bad to play through. He just started playing golf again at the beginning of September. He told me after three or so rounds he can’t even tell he had surgery or any previous pain in that shoulder.

He’s had one doctor do his knee surgery and the aforementioned shoulder surgery and he’s really happy with all of their work.

I hope you have as good of an experience as my dad has had.

ted_bunny6 days ago
The pain was too bad to play through? Sounds like he should have hung back! I'm here all week, folks.
Julesman6 days ago
(Below has nothing to do with people who need surgery due to catastrophic injury or congenital defect.)

Most surgeries are followed by more surgeries.

And the hard truth is that most surgeries happen because most people do not have the discipline to do what's needed over many months to solve the problems they are having with the chronic pain they are in. They want a faster solution and are never really told by anyone that the only real permanent solution is one that will be difficult and take months.

Rather than change their habits and their environments and their bodies, people opt to do things that have surprisingly low rates of success and more often than not result in a state than can never be fixed.

Some people get past the point of no return. For those people, surgery may be the only option. But for most people the only real option is a change in lifestyle that is more or less like deciding you are going to get very fit. It takes months and in the mean time, theres a lot of effort and discomfort.

In addition, most people don't really get how much of their back pain and ailment is due to ergonomics. That their bed is wrong. That they are sitting in a bad office chair or couch.

But more than that, most people don't get how central exercise and core strength are for maintaining the health of your back.

So before you get back surgery, consider getting a new office chair, exercising more, and facing that pain for a few more months. Work toward a real solution.

edelbitter6 days ago
There is an even stronger version of your argument, one that works without shifting to the same old "you don't need the expensive stuff, just get your life together" advice that already has kind of a bad rep for not fixing depression. You can accept that you cannot inject much more of necessary discipline and motivation into people after they leave school.. and still argue against many types of surgery in mostly the same way: by strictly comparing them to other costly endeavors that could bring about those probably-helpful life changes. Many more people could work towards that "real solution" by benefiting from some other spending.. which merely happens to be cheaper than surgery, while still not being entirely up to them.

Example: My town installed an outdoor "grown-up playground" in the nearby park. Probably cost a little over two complicated surgeries. Already saved 10 people from neglecting upper body workout. Just 10 people having a really low-barrier-of-entry gym available to them whenever walking their dog. I suspect its already been cost-effective. Plus, it is reusable and low-maintenance. Try to beat that in the operating room!

asdff6 days ago
The thing is, the fitness level OP is talkign about is not going to be compatible with the grown up playground sort of activities. You need to get jacked basically. You need to be lifting to failure 3x5ish hitting all muscle groups 2x a week with compound lifts. You should be struggling to go up stairs after working legs.

Working out is good, yes, but you need to actually work the body and make it suffer so that it may actually be damaged enough for high rates of muscle growth. So many people do not do enough because they don't like to push themselves, they take it easy and they end up wasting their time in the gym. Even more true as you get older and natural testosterone levels start declining and limiting your muscle growth.

This is why people end up taking spin classes when they can just do it at home on their own stationary bike. For some people, they need a jockey who will kick their ass along with the peer pressure of a room full of people dumping out sweat.

lumost6 days ago
It’s worth recalling that a large (possibly majority) share of the population has extreme limits on their time imposed by economics.

While I’m fortunate now to be able to dedicate time to the gym and other physical fitness, this was not always the case.

We lack the societal incentive structure to allow someone working 60-80 hours a week to reduce their workload to physically recover. We do allow that same person to spend 5-10 years income on surgeries which have 4-6 week recovery times.

porridgeraisin6 days ago
The thing is, exercise becomes a thing time is even a concern for only if it has been neglected for long enough. It is as important as bathing or brushing and the primary issue is that its not framed as equally important as those things. If it was, people would do it every single day. If they did it every single day, 15 minutes a day is more than enough.

However, given that people "graduate" their 20s without having done this, then everything you say becomes true, people end up so weak that they have to rebuild even basic core strength and posture. So practically what I suggested is useless except for maybe the next generation.

asdff6 days ago
People have more time than they expect. Very few people are working 16 hour days.

https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/emp-by-ftpt-job...

Note how two job holder average is barely above single job holder average. These are probably people working two part time jobs with a 4-5 hour shift each.

How about activities? BLS has some data there.

https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-by-age...

Note the leisure column.

Screen time average is about 7 hours a day (not the best source I guess compared to say if apple published their data): https://www.demandsage.com/screen-time-statistics/

You could do a lot of good with a 3 day a week 30 min compound lift strength training workout. Deadlifts, squat, bench press, overhead press, pull ups.

philajan6 days ago
aabaker996 days ago
> How long does the gift recipient have access to the story? The recipient has seven days to access the story and can open it five times before it expires.

Sadly I wasn’t in the first five! Thanks anyway.

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