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176 points•erichocean•7 days ago•58 comments•

58 comments

khalic7 days ago
The tech is very cool but for the love of Gaia stop calling it system one, even Kahneman said this (S1/2) is a framework for understanding the brains inner workings. There is no autonomous system to speak of.
Zarathruster7 days ago
This is gonna be the new "I'm more of a left-brained person" thing isn't it
bbor6 days ago
Ok sorry for the unprompted rant but you're absolutely right, though it's far from "new" and not really a problem (IMHO). AI even beat neuroscience to this one, funnily enough! All of the below dyads are congruent:

  --- Phil & [Pre-]CogSci ---
  | rational  | intuitive     |
  | reason    | understanding | (Kant & Hegel's goofy wording)
  | deductive | inductive     |
  | animated  | automatic     | (from ~Aristotle, ultimately)
  | ~higher   | ~lower        | (as in "higher faculties")

  --- CS & AI ---
  | logical  | analogical |
  | symbolic | stochastic | 
  | Neats    | Scruffies  | (related academic 'camps')
  | ~deterministic | ~non-determnistic | (a common heuristic)
  | Good Ol' Fashioned AI (GOFAI) | Evil Datacenter AI (EDAI) | (a common honorific)

  --- Modern [Cog-]Neuro[-Psych] ---

  | slow thinking | fast thinking |
  | S2            | S1            |
  ...ok I assumed I knew more but maybe I don't? Would love to hear from experts!

  --- Colloquial ---
  | left brain   | right brain |
  | intelligence | wisdom      |
  | intention    | instinct    |
  | me           | AD[H]D      |
At least that's how I see it. Hopefully it goes without saying that there's plenty of nuance specific to each of those pairs, and that many of the relevant experts would balk at this broad characterization. That said... I'm right and they're wrong, I guess!

If anyone is in the mood to stomach a paper written by someone who did horrible things with Epstein a few decades later, this is sadly still the best in the biz: https://www.inf.ufsc.br/~mauro.roisenberg/ine6102/leituras/a...

If you prefer geniuses that aren't arguably monsters, this is the core of what Gary Marcus' "neurosymbolic" thing is about.

khalic7 days ago
moan
robrenaud6 days ago
Brains aside, it S1/S2 seems like a good description?

System 1 is quick and intuitive. System 2 is slow and deliberate.

Compared to models that compose responses with many forward passes, thinking in token space, these models make a quick decision after processing their inputs.

khalic6 days ago
It’s ok to use it as inspiration, but using the term comes with psychological baggage in an industry that already abuses anthropomorphism. Give it an informative name
rgbrgb6 days ago
what's wrong w "system one"? it feels like a good frame to think about use-cases that will fit jev etc.
vatsachak6 days ago
Why is ML so misleading these days? No this model does not score 80%+ on DeepSWE, it merely chooses the best possible idea of Opus 5 at every stage, increasing the performance by 5%.
aoeusnth16 days ago
Yeah, the github landing page is much less misleading and clearly says this. I don't know why they try to make the marketing page gloss over this detail... it speaks to the mindset of the authors.
amluto7 days ago
I’m fascinated by this thing and by the way it’s interpreting Jev. It’s very cool, but is it actually a classifier?

IIUC they took an already-trained “frozen” LLM and trained a little model on top that takes both a question and the hidden states after processing the input data and produces answer “probabilities”. (In contrast, the original LLM would have been run in AR mode to generate multiple output tokens representing its answer.) But then they used it for a purpose that isn’t really classification.

IMO there is a rather large difference between “is this email spam” and “what character should I type in this agentic workload”. The former is classification: there is hopefully a ground truth (is the email spam?) and the model is trying to classify the email. You would score it with a proper scoring rule. The latter is a strategy: there usually isn’t a correct answer, now or in the future. The model is playing a game consisting of repeated rounds, and the only way to evaluate it is to see how well it plays. You can’t even usefully compare it to the optimal solution because you may not know the optimal solution and you don’t actually need the model to produce an optimal solution.

I do think this approach is really cool, and it does suggest that one might be able to use a modern LLM to process an input and then extract the model’s next agentic step in a very fast, non-AR manner, with results comparably good to the usual AR decoding. And I think it’s very interesting to decouple the tokenized input representation from the model output representation, both because prefill tends to be faster and cheaper than AR output and because it’s never seemed particularly sensible to me that a model should be constrained to generate outputs at the cadence of one run through the model per output token. (AFAIK the main reason that models work on the same input and output token space is that this is how the pretraining process works.)

I wonder how to fit “reasoning” into this framework. Maybe have the question be something like “do you need to think further and, if so, what is your first thinking token”. But maybe something more clever is possible.

visarga6 days ago
> The latter is a strategy: there usually isn’t a correct answer, now or in the future. The model is playing a game consisting of repeated rounds, and the only way to evaluate it is to see how well it plays

This is self contradictory. You can tell a correct answer as you said, by looking at the score. In my $DAYJOB I am making hundreds of RL environments that produce a score for each intermediate state.

amluto6 days ago
Sure, you are scoring them. But I doubt that you are scoring them in the sense that you are minimizing loss where the loss is a proper scoring function that treats the model as a classifier where that treatment as a classifier actually means something. Unless you happen to be RLing a problem where there is either exactly one correct rollout or there is actually a bona fide natural distribution over rollouts independently from the model.
drob5186 days ago
Right, and I’d add that in some games there is actually a “win” state that serves as a binary indicator. Given this, you can actually view the model as the thing being classified into two states: (1) consistently wins the game and (2) doesn’t consistently win the game.
willy_k6 days ago
Who said anything about agentic, or reasoning? Those are post-hoc additions to autoregressive usage of LLMs. The base case of predicting next tokens generally (rather than with a specific objective) requires a faithful representation of the input embeddings, which is plausibly repurposed for classification.
noduerme7 days ago
I'm increasingly of the opinion that stuff like Jev and this are overfitting and producing illusory but confident "probabilities" that are complete bullshit. You can't see the underlying reasoning... but it's incredibly tempting for people who want to place faith in them. Rather than even trying to understand the complex system at play, it's easy to give up on trying to find reason, and just accept the second- or third-tier outputs of massively complex things that, on the first tier, are not necessarily reliable sources of truth.

Let's give an example: Suppose you ran a Jev that tried to determine when another Jev was wrong about something ...baseball games, let's say. The second Jev would come up with a perfect list of when the first Jev was wrong and when not to believe it. So now you have a second-order system that you believe more than the first-order one.

Only after 100 baseball games, the second-order Jev is only as good as the first one, it just inverted a bunch of games that could have gone either way. So hell, you make a third-order Jev that analyzes the first two...and its results are AMAZING when you look at the historical record! Only, you know, that's what's called overfitting.

Honestly, [edit: Fuck, I just wrote "honestly". I've been brain damaged by you-know-who] the invention of the "noul" is a bit of a giveaway. Imagine what junk bond traders could've done with that in the '80s. Not-not-not-falsy is how we all like our stock picks served up, right?

Reading the raw statistical output of an LLM as if it were an oracular source of truth is literally idol worship and gambling in the purest sense.

Take it from a guy who lost $10k on baseball this season having Claude rewrite my original code to reverse and re-reverse underdogs and favorites; there is no fucking "probability" of anything coming out of an LLM, even if your source of truth isn't an LLM but an evolutionary algorithm you designed yourself. Which would've performed better before the LLM started interpreting ways to bucket it and make up bullshit probabilities around it.

Anyone going down the Jev path is deeply misguided, but will see the light once they realize they have re-invented the magic 8 ball. Or that executive decision maker cube from the 80s with 6 random answers.

Here's your Jev. Note the preponderance of nouls ;)

https://www.ebay.com/itm/146783842141

If you happen to gamble or just watch baseball, you'll see that reality is not so easily reduced to one number. On the most basic level, a single probability number leaves out volatility, without which it's utterly useless for predicting anything other than a sequence it's already trained and fitted for. But as a gambling addict and occasional patron of oracles and gurus, it's very easy and tempting to mistake a clear-cut "probably" for whatever you want to hear. Listening to an LLM's heartbeat for probabilities is just a gambler's fallacy taken out to the 19th degree.

visarga6 days ago
Yes, Jev is calibrated "from factory" on a bunch of tasks, but we can be almost sure our own bespoke tasks are not covered. So the model does not really know how to produce calibrated confidence scores.

What it would need is a calibration dataset on which to align. There is no calibration in the abstract, only relative to a set of test examples. A model with an uncalibrated output probability can be recalibrated using conformal prediction. You run the model over your calibration examples, get the probabilities.

Assume the new example's answer is y, and calculate its nonconformity score, higher means a worse fit. Count how many calibration examples have a score at least as high as that. Add one to this count, then divide by the total number of calibration examples plus one.

htk7 days ago
I love this answer and your fondness for "assisted" betting. Do you blog?
mugul7 days ago
Very interesting insight on the training process, it's pretty cool to have some experimental justification for why they took these exact steps, what they tried and did not work, etc. Feels a bit less like dark magic.

However I agree the latency argument doesn't hold much value with Jev because it runs on a remote server. Seeing how many open Jev-like models came out recently it would be much more interesting to have a comparison with them.

fxwin7 days ago
I really hope that "System One" won't stick around as a new buzzword simply meaning "fast".
TeMPOraL7 days ago
fxwin7 days ago
i'm well aware of the origin and meaning of the term

> "System 1" is fast, instinctive and emotional

this implies more than just "fast", which is precisely why i don't like its present usage

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